An electric motor, commonly known as a "motor," operates fundamentally on the laws of electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic force, enabling the conversion between electrical energy and mechanical energy via magnetic field interactions . Based on the type of working power source, motors are primarily classified into DC motors and AC motors. DC motors, powered by direct current, are characterized by stable speed, precise speed control, and high starting torque, but their structure is relatively complex, and maintenance can be challenging. AC motors, using alternating current, are generally simpler in structure, easier to maintain, and more widely used in industrial production . Further classifications exist based on structure and working principles (e.g., synchronous vs. asynchronous), purpose (driving motors vs. control motors like steppers and servos), and rotor construction . Different types of motors have their own advantages. Understanding the basic classifications and characteristics of motors helps in selecting the appropriate type for specific application scenarios .
